The curse of right and wrong Essay Example For Students

The curse of right and wrong Essay THE CURSE OF RIGHT AND WRONG Many people treat ethics like a good set of dishes, something to be saved just for special occasions. A monitor poll shows that most Americans think that their country’s moral standards are falling and that stronger families must be the solution. Widespread evidence of moral decay can be found in nearly every American city.Things such as sleazy movies, vulgar TV shows, neglected children, and broken families are the type of things most people oppose. In every major region in the country, a majority of people polled agreed that the Nations values have weakened since the 1950’s. That view is particularly evident in the South and West. However, there is evidence that shows morality could have also been a problem in our Nations history, especially in politics. President Thomas Jefferson faced longstanding rumors about sexual involvement with one of his slaves, Sally Hemings. President Grover Cleveland laid to rest accusations about fathering an illegitimate child by taking responsibility for that child. In recent years politicians have been caught with prostitutes and survived. Others have admitted to infidelity and seen their political careers plummet. The fact that morality seems to be in decline may be, in large part, due to the media. Advancements in technology have made it possible for peoples lives to be quickly and more widely known; therefore, making the public more aware of what is happening. We will write a custom essay on The curse of right and wrong specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When Americans look for something to blame for declining morals, they point straight at the media, particularly the entertainment media, and especially TV. Jason Sines of Chase, Md., says â€Å"the worst is television.† He notes that TV is readily available in the home, and harder to avoid. Other sources like magazines, movies and other media require a trip to the store or the theater. Sines views are widely shared. More than 3 out of 4 Americans say that the values portrayed on television are getting worse. Because of this, children are much more aware of things they shouldn’t know about until later in life. â€Å"Effects of the ‘moral climate’ also show up with children, who often reflect both physical and emotional neglect,† says Ann Echard, a second grade teacher, â€Å"in part because their parents are struggling to keep their heads above the water, and in part simply because some parents are just being selfish.† When Americans search for answers to moral problems, they often look to the family. In a survey, 71 percent said the family has â€Å"great influence† on the nations moral and ethical standards. Another 15 percent said the family has â€Å"moderate influence†. Ordinarily that might be a good thing, but 68 percent of those people surveyed also said that the family’s influence is on the decline. Other forces, like TV and the Internet, are taking over. One reason for the family losing its hold might be that because of financial trouble and more and more parents are struggling with multiple jobs. Morality plays a part in all successful, sustained achievement. Unless man learns to control the sinner, the animal in himself, he can never release his full power for accomplishment. There are four basic causes for failure among people; they apply equally to the pursuit of success in any line of endeavor. They are: illicit sex, alcohol, deception, and stealing. If people can learn to stay away from things such as these it would make a lot less problems for them. The problem is not that people are no longer able to distinguish between right and wrong; it is simply that they have just decided that it is much easier to avoid doing so. Jimmy Carter speculated that our moral decline began the day that John F. Kennedy was shot, and he was probably right. But there are probably millions of stories of personal moral decline where that person knows exactly where it began. Most people recognize the moral and ethical components of dramatic issues like abortion and end-of-life medical decisions. Other questions like â€Å"Should I cheat on my spouse?† or â€Å"Should I rob a bank?† call for moral judgements, too, but the answers are so obvious for most people that they hardly think about them; it’s just whether or not they act on what they know is proper. Life-or-death issues, really important personal quandaries, and the discussion of professional philosophers should not be the only place that ethics belong. I think that they shoul d be a part of our everyday decisions. It would cause a lot less problems and people would be happier overall.

Fuel Cell Technology

Fuel Cell Technology Free Online Research Papers This paper investigates the physics behind the fuel cells.Starting from its meaning ,its historical origin,to frequently asked questions associated with it ,then we go into some research work performed on it and try to understand its results .Concluding the paper with discussing our own understanding in the topic. Introduction: Fuel Cell, device in which the energy of a chemical reaction is converted directly into electricity. Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does not run down; it operates as long as fuel and an oxidant are supplied continuously from outside the cell. A fuel cell consists of an anode, the negative end of an electric circuit, and a cathode, the positive end of an electric circuit, separated by an electrolyte. Electrolytes are substances that allow ions (particles formed when a neutral atom or molecule gains or loses one or more electrons) to pass through them. Fuel flows to the anode, and an oxidant flows to the cathode. The chemical reaction between the fuel and the oxidant produces an electric current. Fuel cells are different from conventional electrochemical cell batteries in that they consume reactant from an external source, which must be replenished -a thermodynamically open system. By contrast, batteries store electrical energy chemically and hence represent a thermodynamically closed system. Historical origin: In 1800, British scientists William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle had described the process of using electricity to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen. But combining the gases to produce electricity and water was, according to Grove, a step further that any hitherto recorded. Grove realized that by combining several sets of these electrodes in a series circuit he might effect the decomposition of water by means of its composition. He soon accomplished this feat with the device he named a gas battery– the first fuel cell. William Robert Grove (1811 -1896), a Welsh lawyer turned scientist, won renown for his development of an improved wet-cell battery in 1838. The Grove cell, as it came to be called, used a platinum electrode immersed in nitric acid and a zinc electrode in zinc sulfate to generate about 12 amps of current at about 1.8 volts. â€Å"Despite their modern high-tech aura, fuel cells actually have been known to science for more than 150 years. Though generally considered a curiosity in the 1800s, fuel cells became the subject of intense research and development during the 1900s.† SOURCE: PR-Inside.com Some FAQS(Frequently Asked Questions): (i) What is so interesting about fuel cells? Ans. Direct energy conversion (no combustion) No moving parts in the energy converter Quiet Demonstrated high availability of lower temperature units Siting ability Fuel flexibility Demonstrated endurance/reliability of lower temperature units Good performance at off-design load operation Modular installations to match load and increase reliability Remote/unattended operation Size flexibility Rapid load following capability (ii) Being so good and energy efficient why can’t I go out and buy a fuel cell? Ans. The basic workings of a fuel cell may not be difficult to illustrate. But building inexpensive, efficient, reliable fuel cells is a far more complicated business.Many of the choices facing fuel cell developers are constrained by the choice of electrolyte. The design of electrodes, for example,and the materials used to make them depend on the electrolyte. (iii) What is the future potential of fuel cells technology? Ans. Fuel cells in vehicles combine very high-energy efficiency with zero exhaust emissions and potentially low noise without diminishing its performance and range. In the medium to long term, fuel cells have a strong energy saving potential for decentralised co- generation in households and buildings and for power production. In the long term they could replace a large part of the current combustion systems in all energy end use sectors. Different Types of fuel cells: Alkali fuel cell Molten carbonate fuel cell Phosphoric Acid fuel cells (PAFC) Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells Solid oxide fuel cell Alkali fuel cells operate on compressed hydrogen and oxygen.Molten Carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) use high-temperature compounds of salt (like sodium or magnesium) carbonates (chemically, CO3) as the electrolyte.Phosphoric Acid fuel cells (PAFC) use phosphoric acid as the electrolyte.Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells work with a polymer electrolyte in the form of a thin, permeable sheet.Solid Oxide fuel cells (SOFC) use a hard, ceramic compound of metal (like calcium or zirconium) oxides (chemically, O2) as electrolyte.Alkali fuel cells have maximum efficiency(70-80%). Fig1.1: Alkali Fuel cell Fig1.2: Molten Carbonate Fuel cell Fig1.3: Phosphoric Acid and P.E.M fuel cell Table 1.1 Electrochemical Reactions in Fuel Cells Fuel Cell Anode Reaction Cathode Reaction Alkaline H2 + 2(OH)(-) ? 2H2O + 2e- H2 + 2(OH)- ? 2H2O + 2e- 1?2 O2 + H2O + 2e- ? 2(OH)- Molten Carbonate H2 + CO3(2-) ? H2O + CO2 + 2e- CO + CO3(2-) ? 2CO2 + 2e- 1?2 O2 + CO2 + 2e- ? CO3 (2-) Polymer Electrolyte and Phosphoric Acid H2 ? 2H(+) + 2e- 1?2 O2 + 2H+ + 2e- ? H2O Solid Oxide H2 + O(2-) ? H2O + 2e- CO + O(2-)? CO2 + 2e- CH4 + 4O(2-) ? 2H2O + CO2+8e- 1?2 O2 + 2e- ? O(2-) In the next section , I am breifly discussing on a major problem related to fuel cell i.e storage of fuel , as we know hydrogen fuel cell is a potent energy source for future but its storage is a big challenge for scientists even today. Research Papers on Fuel Cell TechnologyBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfGenetic EngineeringOpen Architechture a white paperPETSTEL analysis of IndiaRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalResearch Process Part OneStandardized TestingThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Work in the medical field. Should Dr be required to tell patients they Essay

Work in the medical field. Should Dr be required to tell patients they have Alzheimers - Essay Example This is enshrined in the American Medical Association code of professional medical ethics in which a doctor has to inform his or her patient about that patients true state of health. This is contained in Opinion No. 10 of the AMA Code of Ethics under the patient-physician relationship which is but essentially a moral activity. In this regard, the doctor is bound to put the patients interests above that of his own self-interest and of other groups, that the patients welfare is always paramount. A corollary to this opinion is the implied imperative for doctors to care for patients and alleviate the suffering using the best sound medical judgment during their rendition of health care. Based on the code, doctors have to tell their patients about an Alzheimers diagnosis as firstly, most patients want to know and secondly, they have a right to know. However, this is not a blanket authority to tell each potential Alzheimers patient about it, as circumstances can vary (Gordon & Goldstein, 2001, p. 1806) such as the degree of the disease (mildly or severely ill), a wish from family members not to tell the patient which might cause confusion, depression and an unwarranted possible grief and many other factors which make each clinical case a unique one. A doctor may enlist the family by choosing the one member who is closest to the patient in terms of understanding the patient and the one who is best able to break the bad news to the patient. On the other hand, many ethical and moral issues must be considered in truth disclosure such as patient autonomy (or the ability to make informed decisions based on right knowledge), the principle of non-maleficence (a patient might become hysterical or suicidal, for example) and the right of family members to know so they can plan ahead financially and emotionally. All that a doctor confronted with this dilemma can do is take into account those several factors and come to his or her best judgment. Equally important,

Here, Kitty, Kitty, Kitty, Kitty,Kitty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Here, Kitty, Kitty, Kitty, Kitty,Kitty - Essay Example er in just a few years â€Å"Dolly was euthanized because she was suffering from a number of health conditions† ( Wilmut Et al,Cloning Handbook, Roslin Institute). But, researchers lost no hope and successfully cloned a number of other animals including mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, pigs, dogs, horses etc. Questions have been raised about the ethical issue of cloning humans and it was totally banned. Biomedical scientists argue that cloning â€Å"helps to understand molecular mechanisms and can be used for therapeutic purposes† ( I .Wilmut; Cloning for Medicine, 2007). Wildlife biologists and geneticists are already trying to clone cheetah which is on the verge of extinction. They say that cloning will help in conservation issues. Government of in most countries have pointed out that cloning destroys the very identity of a person while researchers say that cloning is a boon. Nicky was the first cat to be cloned from a dead cat for its grieving owner but when it comes to c loning a dead child ethical issues are raised and thus cloning remains a debatable

Correctional Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Correctional Policy - Essay Example erica boasts the highest incarceration rates on the planet, even higher than places such as China, Iran or Russia, Canada also has significant challenges housing, feeding, and rehabilitating all of the prisoners in its prisons nationwide. According to a report released by the Pew Center for Research on the United States, nearly one in 100 persons in the United States is incarcerated (Pew Center, 2008). Canada has a much smaller population than the United States but the statistics are no less that a staggering. Statistics Canada has recent reported that for the first time in more than 10 years Canadas incarceration rate has increased and is now 110 prisoners per 100,000 of the Canadian population. This represents a 2% increase and for comparative purposes Canadas incarceration rate is higher than most western European countries including that of Sweden which is 82 per 100,000 and France which has an incarceration rate of 85 per 1000 population. The numbers are staggering and must be u nderstood if one hopes to tackle the issue of criminal justice reform and correctional policy reform in the 21st century (Tony, 2001; Statistics Canada, 2008). Seeking to address the fundamental issues associated with an overcrowded prison system and to propose a means through which correctional policy reform can be undertaken in the Canadian context, the following will argue that restorative justice will provide the answer to Canadas incarceration woes. This policy brief will be structured in the following manner in order to properly address the problems associated with over incarceration in Canada. Beginning with an analysis of the problem, an exploration of the weaknesses, deficits, and excesses of Canadas present correctional policy will be this elaborate upon. Following this a recommended policy to address the problems discussed above will explain the concept of restorative justice. Arguing that restorative justice can be one of the means through which solutions to Canadas

Beauty is More Than Skin Deep: Depictions of Aging Women in Ancient Egy

Beauty is More Than Skin Deep: Depictions of Aging Women in Ancient Egyptian Art In Ancient Egypt, women are typically shown as youthful and beautiful while more mature, older women are very rarely depicted. For men of the time, ageing is shown in art more frequently because it was a positive aspect of manhood. For ancient Egyptians, art wasn’t just made for pleasure or beauty; it was a very practical and necessary part of the day-to-day lives of the Egyptians. In art, Egyptian belief was that people needed to be depicted at their peak of energy and beauty in order to remain that way forever when they cross over into the afterlife. In most ancient Egyptian art, male ageing is represented more frequently than women since it was considered a positive image for men. Egyptian art seldom depicted older women or women growing older: "neither pregnancy nor the spreading waistline that many women must have had after years of bearing children is part of the image." However, there are examples that feature elements of ageing that are linked to elite and non-elite women alike. These demonstrations of older women are possibly an attempt to outwardly show on women the authority and honor in the same way the image of male ageing is represented. Though it is rarely depicted, we can use art to trace the portrayal of older women and women growing older in Egypt, from the Third Dynasty down to the end of the New Kingdom. As women age, their bodies change in various ways such as the development of wrinkles and white hair. However, Egyptian art did not necessarily combine these features in a consistent, fixed order when they show women as they grew older. This may reflect the reality of the ageing process: people do not always age in the sa... .... Pharaohs of the sun: Akhenaten, Nefertiti, Tutankhamen. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts in association with Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown and Co., 1999. Lesko, Barbara, "Queen Khamerernebty II and Her Sculpture," in Ancient Egyptian and Mediterranean Studies, (Providence, Rhode Island, 1998), 158. Moussa, Ahmed M., and Hartwig Altenmller, The Tomb of Nefer and Ka-Hay (Mainz, 1971), pg. 33. Robins, Gay. Women in ancient Egypt. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993. 180. Robins, Gay. While the Woman Looks On: Gender inequality in the New Kingdom. KMT 1/3 (1990), 21. Roth, Ann Macy, "Father Earth, Mother Sky: Ancient Egyptian Beliefs about Conception and Fertility,"194-96 Toivari-Viitala, J. Women at Deir el-Medina. A Study of the Status and Roles of the Female Inhabitants in the Workmen's Community during the Ramesside Period. Leiden, 2001.

Coffee Shop Business Plan

Java Culture coffee bar is determined to become a daily necessity for local coffee addicts, a place to dream of as you try to escape the daily stresses of life and just a comfortable place to meet your friends or to read a book, all in one. With the growing demand for high-quality gourmet coffee and great service, Java Culture will capitalize on its proximity to the University of Oregon campus to build a core group of repeat customers.Java Culture will offer its customers the best prepared coffee in the area that will be complimented with pastries, as well as free books that its patrons can read to enjoy their visit. The company will operate a 2,300 square foot coffee bar within a walking distance from the University of Oregon campus. The owners have secured this location through a three-year lease with an option for extending. The have also provided $140,000 of the required $170,000 start-up funds. The remaining capital will be obtained through Bank of America commercial loans.The c ompany is expected to grow sales revenue from $584,000 in FY2001 to $706,000 in year three. As Java Culture will strive to maintain a 65% gross profit margin and reasonable operating expenses, it will see net profits grow from $100,000 to $125,000 during the same period. 1. 1 Objectives Java Culture’s objectives for the first year of operations are: Become selected as the â€Å"Best New Coffee Bar in the area† by the local restaurant guide. Turn in profits from the first month of operations. Maintain a 65% gross margin. 1. 2 Keys to Success The keys to success will be:Store design that will be both visually attractive to customers, and designed for fast and efficient operations. Employee training to insure the best coffee preparation techniques. Marketing strategies aimed to build a solid base of loyal customers, as well as maximizing the sales of high margin products, such as espresso drinks. 1. 3 Mission Java Culture will make its best effort to create a unique place where customers can socialize with each other in a comfortable and relaxing environment while enjoying the best brewed coffee or espresso and pastries in town.We will be in the business of helping our customers to relieve their daily stresses by providing piece of mind through great ambience, convenient location, friendly customer service, and products of consistently high quality. Java Culture will invest its profits to increase the employee satisfaction while providing stable return to its shareholders. Company Summary Java Culture, an Oregon limited liability company, sells coffee, other beverages and snacks in its 2,300 square feet premium coffee bar located near the University of Oregon campus.Java Culture’s major investors are Arthur Garfield and James Polk who cumulatively own over 70% of the company. The start-up loss of the company is assumed in the amount of $27,680. 2. 1 Company Ownership Java Culture is registered as a Limited Liability Corporation in the state o f Oregon. Arthur Garfield owns 51% of the company. His cousin, James Polk, as well as Megan Flanigan and Todd Barkley hold minority stakes in Java Culture, LLC. 2. 2 Company Locations and Facilities Java Culture coffee bar will be located on the ground floor of the commercial building at the corner of West 13th Avenue and Patterson Street in Eugene, OR.The company has secured a one-year lease of the vacant 2,500 square feet premises previously occupied by a hair salon. The lease contract has an option of renewal for three years at a fixed rate that Java Culture will execute depending on the financial strength of its business. The floor plan will include a 200 square feet back office and a 2,300 square feet coffee bar, which will include a seating area with 15 tables, a kitchen, storage area and two bathrooms.The space in the coffee bar will be approximately distributed the following way–1,260 square feet (i. e., 55% of the total) for the seating area, 600 square feet (26%) fo r the production area, and the remaining 440 square feet (19%) for the customer service area. This property is located in a commercial area within a walking distance from the University of Oregon campus on the corner of a major thoroughfare connecting affluent South Eugene neighborhood with the busy downtown commercial area. The commercially zoned premises have the necessary water and electricity hookups and will require only minor remodeling to accommodate the espresso bar, kitchen and storage area.The coffee bar’s open and clean interior design with modern wooden decor will convey the quality of the served beverages and snacks, and will be in-line with the establishment’s positioning as an eclectic place where people can relax and enjoy their cup of coffee. The clear window displays, through which passerby will be able to see customers enjoying their beverages, and outside electric signs will be aimed to grab the attention of the customer traffic. Products Java Cultu re will offer its customers the best tasting coffee beverages in the area.This will be achieved by using high-quality ingredients and strictly following preparation guidelines. The store layout, menu listings and marketing activities will be focused on maximizing the sales of higher margin espresso drinks. Along with the espresso drinks, brewed coffee and teas, as well as some refreshment beverages, will be sold in the coffee bar. Java Culture will also offer its clients pastries, small salads and sandwiches. For the gourmet clientele that prefers to prepare its coffee at home, Java Culture will also be selling coffee beans.The menu offerings will be supplemented by free books and magazines that customers can read inside the coffee bar. 3. 1 Product Description The menu of the Java Culture coffee bar will be built around espresso-based coffee drinks such as lattes, mochas, cappuccinos, etc. Each of the espresso-based drinks will be offered with whole, skimmed, or soy milk. Each of t hese coffee beverages is based on a ‘shot’ of espresso, which is prepared in the espresso machine by forcing heated water through ground coffee at high pressure.Such espresso shots are combined with steamed milk and/or other additives like cocoa, caramel, etc. , to prepare the espresso-based beverages. Proper preparation techniques are of paramount importance for such drinks. A minor deviation from the amount of coffee in the shot, the size of the coffee particles, the temperature of milk, etc. , can negatively affect the quality of the prepared drink. 3. 2 Sales Literature Two thousand flyers will be distributed in the adjacent neighborhood, on the University campus, at the malls and in the selected office buildings within two weeks prior to the opening of Java Culture.Subsequently, free postcards with Java Culture endorsement will be printed to increase the company visibility among the patrons. Market Analysis Summary U. S. coffee consumption has shown steady growth, with gourmet coffee having the strongest growth. Coffee drinkers in the Pacific Northwest are among the most demanding ones. They favor well-brewed gourmet coffee drinks and demand great service. Eugene, OR, with its liberal and outgoing populace and long rainy winter, has traditionally been a great place for coffee establishments.Java Culture will strive to build a loyal customer base by offering a great tasting coffee in a relaxing environment of its coffee bar located close to the bustling University of Oregon campus. 4. 1 Market Segmentation Java Culture will focus its marketing activities on reaching the University students and faculty, people working in offices located close to the coffee bar and on sophisticated teenagers. Our market research shows that these are the customer groups that are most likely to buy gourmet coffee products.Since gourmet coffee consumption is universal across different income categories and mostly depends on the level of higher education, proximity to the University of Oregon campus will provide access to the targeted customer audience. 4. 2 Target Market Segment Strategy Java Culture will cater to people who want to get their daily cup of great-tasting coffee in a relaxing atmosphere. Such customers vary in age, although our location close to the University campus means that most of our clientele will be college students and faculty. Our market research shows that these are discerning customers that gravitate towards better tasting coffee.Furthermore, a lot of college students consider coffee bars to be a convenient studying or meeting location, where they can read or meet with peers without the necessity to pay cover charges. For us, this will provide a unique possibility for building a loyal client base. 4. 2. 1 Market Needs General trend toward quality among U. S. consumers definitely plays an important role in the recent growth in gourmet coffee. Additionally, such factors as desire for small indulgencies, for something m ore exotic and unique, provide a good selling opportunity for coffee bars.4. 3 Industry Analysis Coffee consumption has shown a steady 2. 5% growth rate in the United States over the last decade. In 1994, total sales of coffee were approximately $7. 5 billion with gourmet coffee representing 33% (or $2. 5 billion) of that. The retail coffee industry is flourishing in the U. S. Pacific Northwest. The local climate, with a long rainy season, is very conducive for the consumption of hot non-alcoholic beverages. At the same time, hot dry summers drive people into cafes to order iced drinks.Further, coffee has really become a part of the lifestyle in the Pacific Northwest. Its discerning coffee drinkers are in favor of well-prepared, strong coffee-based beverages, which they can consume in a relaxing environment. 4. 3. 1 Competition and Buying Patterns Competition According to the 1997 Oregon Food service Statistics (NAICS 72), Eugene had 45 established snack & non-alcoholic beverage bar s (NAICS 722213) with total sales of $14. 2 million. Among other establishments that offer coffee drinks to their customers are most of Eugene’s limited- and full-service restaurants.Java Culture’s direct competitors will be other coffee bars located near the University of Oregon campus. These include Starbucks, Cafe Roma, The UO Bookstore, and other Food service establishments that offer coffee. Starbucks will definitely be one of the major competitors because of its strong financial position and established marketing and operational practices. However, despite of Starbuck’s entrenched market position, many customers favor smaller, independent establishments that offer cozy atmosphere and good coffee at affordable prices.Cafe Roma is a good example of such competition. We estimate that Starbucks holds approximately 35% market share in that neighborhood, Cafe Roma appeals to 25% of customers, The UO Bookstore caters to another 10%, with the remaining market shar e split among other establishments. Java Culture will position itself as a unique coffee bar that not only offers the best tasting coffee and pastries but also provides home-like, cozy and comfortable environment, which established corporate establishments lack.We will cater to customers’ bodies and minds, which will help us grow our market share in this competitive market. Buying Patterns The major reason for the customers to return to a specific coffee bar is a great tasting coffee, quick service and pleasant atmosphere. Although, as stated before, coffee consumption is uniform across different income segments, Java Culture will price its product offerings competitively. We strongly believe that selling coffee with a great service in a nice setting will help us build a strong base of loyal clientele.